Every mother, across cultures and continents, speaks of a fierce instinct to protect her young. Humans may be the only species to mark it with a holiday, but for other animals too, motherhood is a daily, unrelenting act.
Driven by biology and shaped by environment, maternal care takes many forms. In this series, Mothers, Across Species, we examine how different animals nurture, defend, and raise their young—and how captivity can disrupt, diminish, or deny these essential behaviours.
Take chimpanzees, where motherhood begins in near-constant contact. An infant clings to their mother’s body as she moves through the forest, nursing for up to five years. Even when fatigued or undernourished, mothers make time to play (yes, play!), which behaviour researchers identify as critical to cognitive development and social bonding.
In some cases, chimpanzee mothers have been documented carrying the bodies of their deceased infants for days, weeks, even months—what primatologists describe as “infant corpse carrying.” There isn’t a simple scientific explanation for why, but it points to the persistence of maternal attachment beyond death.
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1. Mother chimpanzee Jane looks down at her breastfeeding infant. Faruk Yalcin Zoo, Darica, Turkiye, 2010. Deniz Tapkan Cengiz (
@dnztpkn ) / Animal Politics / We Animals
2. A rescued chimpanzee touches the hand of his rescuer, Dr. Carole Noon. Save The Chimps, Fort Pierce, Florida, USA, 2008. Jo-Anne McArthur (
@joannemcarthurphotography ) / We Animals
3-4. A rescued chimpanzee resident at Sanaga-Yong sanctuary. The residents have been rescued from the pet and bushmeat trades. Sanaga-Yong Chimpanzee Rescue Centre Sanctuary, Yaounde, Cameroon, 2009. Jo-Anne McArthur / We Animals
5. Young rescued chimpanzees play together at Save the Chimps. Save The Chimps, Fort Pierce, Florida, USA, 2008. Jo-Anne McArthur / We Animals
6. A portrait of Pepsi, a chimpanzee rescued from research, who now lives at Save the Chimps sanctuary. Save the Chimps, Fort Pierce, Florida, USA, 2011. Jo-Anne McArthur / We Animals