"The Shanghai World Financial Center, International Commerce Centre, Lotte World Tower, and CTF Finance Centre demonstrate that vertical program stacking has redefined the tall tower as a new urban experience. Each building functions as a compressed city, layering retail, office, hospitality, and public space into a single structure,” says KPF Principal Robert Whitlock, FAIA. “The discipline lies in the transitions between programs, where sky lobbies, structural expression, and form must work together to create coherence across hundreds of meters of height."
Seen here in section, the Shanghai World Financial Center (SWFC) in Shanghai, China; International Commerce Centre (ICC) in Hong Kong, China; CTF Finance Centre in Guangzhou, China; and Lotte World Tower in Seoul, Korea, each organize a mix of programs vertically in some of the world’s tallest buildings: office (blue), residential (yellow), retail (orange), hospitality (purple), public amenity (pink), greenery (green), and mechanical (grey). The drawings make the logic visible—color by color, floor by floor—tracing how each tower stacks a full range of urban activity within a single structure.
At the SWFC, office and retail give way to the Park Hyatt Shanghai on floors 79–93, with a public sky walk at the 100th floor. The ICC anchors a new urban center at Kowloon Station, with The Ritz-Carlton Hong Kong occupying the tower's upper floors. CTF's program ascends from office to residential to hotel, fused together by gracious gathering spaces such as the sky lobby at the 41st floor. At Lotte World Tower, the top ten stories are entirely for public use, featuring an observation deck with an interactive “sky-bridge” element.
Together, these four towers—completed across four cities between 2008 and 2017—trace KPF's deep expertise with the mixed-use supertall as a form of urban infrastructure.
📸: Courtesy of Mori Building,
@timgriffithphoto , Courtesy Lotte Corporation,
@julienlanoo
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