🟨🟩🩷 Circle packing under pressure starts to look a lot like crystalline metal structures! 🩷🟩🟨
Usually with circle packing, the goal is to make circles tangent to each other. But if you keep increasing the radius of each circle while constraining everything inside a boundary, different pattern phases start to emerge when you visualize the circle centers as a voronoi diagram.
The circles slide and stick against each other under pressure, forming regions that shift between hexagonal arrangements, square grids, pentagonal strips, triangular clusters, and back again. The results look surprisingly similar to metal grain boundaries or crystal growth, with local structures forming and reorganizing as the system is compressed and relaxed.
What’s especially interesting is that a simple pressure-based circle packing system can begin to visually echo metallurgical processes like quenching. If we advance the system into a new phase, then relax it slightly, larger chunks of ordered structure are able to form.
This was simulated with Kangaroo physics in Grasshopper, building off work by Riccardo Majewski. Each cell was drawn as a tiny spiral, which left those little dots in the centers (which I love). Part of me thinks it looked better before the outlines were added, though.
Can you see all the different cell types by color? There might be more than you think!
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Compression Artifacts
19" x 24"
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@tombowusa markers
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@rotringofficial ink
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@idrawpenplotter
@genmediaclub #generativeart #digitalart #plotterart #oddlysatisfying #inkdrawing