“John Hardy” is a traditional American folk song based on the life of a railroad worker in West Virginia. The historical John Hardy killed a man during a craps game, was found guilty of murder in the first degree, and was hanged on January 19, 1894. The song has been performed by numerous artists from the 1920s through the present, including Joan Baez, The Carter Family, Johnny Cash, Billy Childish, Roy Clark, Bob Dylan, Bill Frisell, The Gun Club, Alvin Youngblood Hart, Lightnin’ Hopkins, Burl Ives, The Kingston Trio, Lead Belly, Bill Monroe, Jerry Reed, Earl Scruggs, Mike Seeger, Pete Seeger, Silver Apples, George Thorogood, and Uncle Tupelo. The earliest known recordings are credited to Eva Davis for Columbia in 1924, Ernest Stoneman for Okeh in 1925 and Buell Kazee for Brunswick in 1927. As with many other traditional folk songs, lyrics change from version to version.
On October 13, 1893, the Wheeling Daily Register published the following article: “At 8 o’clock this morning the jury in the case of the State against John Hardy, colored, for the murder of Thomas Drews, colored, at Eckman, this county, in January last, brought in a verdict of guilty of murder in the first degree. The trouble arose over a game of craps and was a cold blooded crime. Motion has been made for a new trial with but small hopes of success on account of the Criminal Court Judge’s indisposition. A recess has been taken until Monday.”
In the 1890s, the booming market for coal was bringing thousands of people to West Virginia. Hardy and Drews were part of the labor pool that helped gouge the black gold from the ground for the Shawnee Coal Company. After work, many of the miners would gamble away all that they’d earned during the day. It is said that John Hardy lost twenty-five cents to Drews before shooting him. One report says a woman was involved, and the song states that Hardy had two girlfriends as well as a wife. #destroytheday
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