Joanne M. Simpson received her Guggenheim Fellowship in Earth Science in 1954 when she was 31 years old. Four years earlier, at
@uchicago , she had become the first American woman to receive a doctorate in meteorology. Throughout her long career, her focus was on the myriad ways clouds impact the world’s climate.
Initially intrigued by clouds as a sailor and private pilot, Simpson developed the first scientific model of clouds as a research associate at
@whoi.ocean . Part of this research required her to fly an old Navy airplane into the notably tall clouds near the equator. At the time, WHOI didn’t allow women to do field work, but the naval officer who arranged the expedition told the WHOI director, “No Joanne, no airplane.” She identified that tropical clouds weren’t the result of atmospheric circulation; rather, they caused it. She continued this research as a Guggenheim Fellow, during a year spent at
@imperialcollege in London, studying the structure and growth processes of cumulus clouds.
Alongside her mentor Dr. Herbert Riehl, Simpson developed the “hot tower” hypothesis in the late 1950s, which explained how trade winds keep blowing and how hurricanes are powered by the heat they retain. Over the course of her career, she worked as a professor at
@ucla and
@uva and headed the Experimental Meteorology Laboratory at the National Weather Bureau (now
@noaa ). In what she considered the highest accomplishment of her career, she worked at
@nasa , where, starting in 1986, she led the study science team for the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission, the first space-based rain radar, which provided invaluable insight about how hurricanes begin and what impacts rainfall.
Simpson was the first female president of the American Meteorological Society and received its highest honor, the Carl-Gustav Rossby Research Medal, in 1983. In 2002, she was the first woman to receive the International Meteorological Organization Prize. She died in 2010 at the age of 86.
Photo 1: Joanne M. Simpson by Jan Hahn, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
Photo 2 Joanne M. Simpson, courtesy of The Schlesinger Library, NASA Earth Observatory
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