Long ago, before the lands of Sulawesi were filled with villages and rice fields, the sky and earth were separate, and humans did not yet exist. The gods ruled the heavens, while the spirits of the land moved freely across the earth. But one day, a being from the sky, To Manurung, descended to the world, bringing wisdom and order to the land.
To Manurung saw the earth wild and untamed. Waters rose and fell unpredictably, and spirits of the land were restless. To bring balance, he taught the people to build their homes above the ground—closer to the heavens yet still connected to the earth. The people followed his teachings, raising their homes on wooden pillars. These houses reflected the three realms of existence: the roof symbolized the sky, where the ancestors and gods resided; the main living area represented the human world, where daily life took place; and the space underneath embodied the underworld, home to unseen forces and spirits, where offerings were made to maintain harmony. As generations passed, the Bugis people continued to build their homes this way, believing that to live in a Rumah Panggung was to exist in balance with the universe.
Meanwhile, a few islands to the west, the first families who came from Java settled on Bali, seeking guidance from nature and the gods in building their homes. They believed a house was more than just shelter—a sacred space where humans, nature, and the divine coexisted in harmony. The elders followed Asta Kosala Kosali, sacred architectural principles passed down through generations.
They built their homes as a collection of pavilions, each serving a specific purpose. The sleeping quarters were carefully placed to receive the best energy, while the living pavilion became a space for gatherings and rituals. This approach also mirrored the rhythm of family life. Open courtyards and airy pavilions kept the spaces cool, and their raised foundations, protected against floods and earthquakes. For centuries, this tradition continued, shaping Bali’s compounds into harmonious clusters of pavilions set within lush greenery—an architectural legacy of balance and community.
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